Chess vs Go: The War of Perfect-Information Giants

Ka lilemo tse likete, lipapali tse peli tsa maano li 'nile tsa ema e le liemahale tse tšoarellang tsa bohlale ba motho: Chess, e tsoang India le Persia ea boholo-holo, le Go, e nweleletseng moetlong wa Asia Botjhabela. Ka bobeli ke karolo ea lipapali tsa tlhaiso-leseling e phethahetseng - ha ho likarete tse patiloeng kapa litaese - empa e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e hloka tsebo e fapaneng haholo, mehopolo le meaho ea kelello.

Haeba u ne u latela botebo ba leano ho Poker vs Chess, papiso ena ea chess le Go e hlahloba sebaka se bapileng: logic e tala e kopana le intuition e felletseng.

1. Leloko la Histori le Setso

Chess: Ho tloha Chaturanga ho ea Grandmasters

Chess e khutlela morao chaturanga, papiso ea pele ea ntoa ea India. E ile ea iphetola shatranj ka Persia, 'me hamorao ea hlahisa mefuta e fapaneng ea sejoale-joale Europe ka ho rarahana ho eketsehileng joalo ka metsamao e matla ea mofumahali. Mohloli o matla oa ho hlahloba nalane ea ona le khopolo-taba ke chess.com.

Ha nako e ntse e ea, chess e ile ea e-ba papiso ea likhohlano tse hlophisitsoeng-mabotho, lihlopha le lintoa tsa maqiti tse reretsoeng lebaleng la ntoa la lisekoere-mithara tse 64. Papali ha ea hola feela joalo ka boithabiso empa e le thuto ea kelello, e nang le khopolo e tsoelang pele ea ho bula, thuto ea ho qetela, le tikoloho ea lefats'e ea grandmasters.

Tsamaea: Harmony ea Khale, Intuition ea Sejoale-joale

Go ea khale haholo—metso ea eona e nka lilemo tse fetang 2 500. Tse tsejoang e le weiqi China kea tseba Japane, le baduk Korea, papali e kenyelletsa lifilosofi tsa Bochabela tsa ho leka-lekana, tšusumetso, le mano a sebaka.

Tsosoloso ea sejoale-joale ea Go ea AI e qalile ke AlphaGo, morero oa DeepMind o ileng oa etsa hore papali e hlahelle ka ho hlōla bahlabani ba lefatše le ho hlalosa seo "intuition" e se bolelang ka leano.

Sebakeng sa mabotho le li-hierarchies, Go e mabapi le sebaka, khokahano le tšusumetso. Motsamao o mong le o mong ke tšitiso holim'a seile e se nang letho, ho haha ​​libopeho tseo matla a tsona a hlahang ka ho sebelisana, eseng matla a ikhethileng.

2. Ho rarahana ha Sebopeho: Liboto, Litsamaiso & Combinatorics

Ho chess, boto e qala e na le baahi ba bangata le setsi sa matla sa motsamao, phapanyetsano le mekhoa ea mahlale. Ho Go, boto e qala e se na letho; tšusumetso e hlahisa bokantle ha majoe a ntse a bokellana. Liqeto tsa lehae li ama lefatše lohle.

Ho hakanngoa ho rarahana ha sefate sa papali Chess e ka ba tatellano ea 10¹²⁰, e hapiloe ka mokhoa o tummeng sebakeng se tlase sa Shannon bakeng sa lipapali tsa chess tse ka bang teng. Ho sa le joalo, ntlha ea lekala ea Go e kholo haholo-hangata e qotsitsoeng haufi le metsamao e ka bang 250 ka nako e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe - 'me ho phatloha ho kopaneng ho fokotsa sekala sa chess. Likhakanyo tse ling li pheha khang ea hore ho rarahana ha Go ho feta 10⁷⁰⁰ lipapali tse ka bang teng. ^{[Sheba liforomo tse hakanyang chess vs Go game tree complexity]}

Ho rarahana ha sebaka sa boemo ba Chess, ho kenya letsoho litumellong tsa likotoana, ho phahamisa le ho hlophisoa ha molao, le hona ho hoholo. Khakanyo e le 'ngoe e holimo-limo e bile e sebelisa 13⁶⁴ joalo ka enfelopo e hlephileng. Chess.com e hlahlobile meeli ena.

3. Mekhoa ea Liqeto: Palo vs Intuition

Chess's Deep Calculation

Libapali tsa chess li ikoetlisetsa ho bona mela e qobelloang, motsoako le tatellano ea maqiti e tsamaeang ka botebo. Papali e putsa ka nepo: leqheka le le leng le hlokomolohuoang hangata le bitsa thepa kapa papali.

Kahlolo ea boemo - sebopeho sa pawn, lisekoere tse fokolang, ho hokahanya likotoana - e tataisa ho faola limela. Li-masters li boloka li-heuristics tsa kelello ho felisa makala a sa ts'episang, ho itšetleha ka boiphihlelo le li-database tsa mohlala.

Go's Fluid Intuition

Ho Go, patlo ea brute-force ha e khonehe libakeng tse ngata. Libapali li itšetlehile ka kananelo ea paterone, li-heuristics tsa sebopeho, le ho leka-lekana ha lefatše. Boleng ba lejoe le le leng bo ke ke ba ahloloa bo le mong; empa e hokahana le boto kaofela.

Likhopolo tsa bohlokoa li kenyelletsa pepere e chilisi (monyetla o ipatileng) le sente / khalase (mohato), e bonts'ang ka moo tšusumetso le nako li leng bohlokoa ho feta melemo ea hang-hang. Intuition e tataisa kahlolo ea libaka; ’malo oa sebaka ka seng oa e tlatsa.

4. Nako, Tempo, le Boikemisetso

Chess e tsamaisa tempo ka kotloloho-ho lahleheloa kapa ho tsamaea ho ka fetola tlhahlobo haholo. Likhopolo tse kang *zugzwang* (ho qobelloa ho kena metsamaong e sa tsitsang) le khanyetso li bohlokoa haholo. Litaolo tsa nako li qobella libapali ho etsa likhohlano tse thata lipakeng tsa botebo le ho phela.

Ho Go, tempo e ipapisitse le maemo. Mohato o bapaloang ka sente o hatella mohanyetsi; a gote move concedes initiative. Hobane libaka li sebelisana, tempo ha se hangata e fellang ka ho feletseng empa e amana le lintoa tse ngata.

5. Litlaleho tsa Tsebo le Neural

Bopaki bo fana ka maikutlo a hore chess e kenyelletsa marang-rang a ho hlahloba, a tšoantšetso, a le letšehali-hemisphere: lipalo, mohopolo, logic. Ho ea ho kenya tšebetsong libaka tse akaretsang, tse bonoang, tse kopanyang lipaterone le likamano. Ka bokhutšoanyane: chess ke ho senyeha, Go ke synthesis.

Phapang e bonahatsa lifilosofi tsa setso: Tloaelo ea Bophirimela hangata e fana ka moputso oa ho fokotsa ho nahana; Monahano oa Bochabela o hatisa holism le litsamaiso tsa likamano.

6. Melemo ea AI le Liphetoho tsa Paradigm

Lienjineri tsa Chess tse tebileng tse putsoa le tsa sejoale-joale

Ka 1997, Blue Blue 'mampoli oa lefats'e ea hlotseng Garry Kasparov a sebelisa patlo e matla e matlafalitsoeng ke litsebi tsa thuto ea tlhaho. Chess AI ho tloha ka nako eo e bile teng ka lienjineri tse kang tlhapi ya tlhapi 'me Leela Chess Zero, ho kopanya lipatlisiso tse tebileng le tlhahlobo ea methapo.

Lienjineri tsena li kenyelletsa "papali e phethahetseng" libakeng tse ngata, li fetola thuto ea batho le khopolo.

AlphaGo le Go's AI Revolution

E-ea phephetsa mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea AI ho fihlela AlphaGo marang-rang a kopantsoeng a neural le lipatlisiso tsa lifate tsa Monte Carlo ho hlōla litsebi tse phahameng. Tšusumetso ea eona e bile phetoho-ka bobeli leano la Go le mokhoa oa AI. Kenyelletso ea Wikipedia ea AlphaGo e hapa arc.

Kajeno, lienjineri tsa mohloli o bulehileng li rata KataGo ntlafatsa lefa leo, ho thusa batho ba sa rutehang le ba nang le phihlelo ho ntlafatsa tlhahlobo ea AI. Leqephe la Wikipedia la KataGo e qaqisa bokhoni ba eona.

Leha e na le matla a phahametseng a motho, litsamaiso tsa Go-AI li bonts'a mekhoa e makatsang ea ho hloleha - mohlala, maqheka a ba qhekellang hore ba fete pele ho nako kapa ho theha libopeho tse sa sireletsehang. Lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao li totobatsa liketso tsena.

7. Litsela tsa ho Mastery

Mokhoa oa ho Koetlisa Chess

• Li-drill tse bohlale (lithakhisa, lifereko, litlhaselo tse sibollotsoeng)
• Ho bula litokisetso le repertoires
• Lihlooho tsa maemo, moralo oa leano
• Mokhoa oa ho qetela oa papali
• Tlhahlobo ea kamora papali ka maikutlo a enjine

Maikutlo a chess ke a binary ebile a potlakile: phoso e bonahala ka ho hlaka lichifing tsa tlhahlobo. Tsoelo-pele e lekanngoa habonolo ke lintlha tsa Elo kapa Glicko.

Tsamaea Mokhoa oa ho Koetlisa

• Tsumego: mathata a bophelo le lefu
• Fuseki / Joseki: libopeho tse tloaelehileng tsa ho bula
• Kahlolo ea boto kaofela le ho bala sebopeho
• Hlahloba ka lisebelisoa tsa AI (mohlala, KataGo)

Go putsa kahlolo ka lebaka la ho nepahala ho felletseng. Mehato e mengata e ka sebetsa; phephetso e teng tabeng ea ho khetha kutloano le tšusumetso ka nako e nepahetseng.

8. Tsebo ea ho Lekanya le Tsoelo-pele

Chess e sebelisa sistimi ea Elo le Glicko, e fana ka litlotla tse kang Grandmaster ka litloaelo. Ho sebelisa kyu/dan sekala; maemo a litsebi a fumanoa ka liki ea maemo a holimo.

Phapang e teng pakeng tsa motho ea sa rutehang ea matla le setsebi sa maemo a holimo e tebile lipapaling tsena ka bobeli—e leng bopaki ba botebo bo ka tlas’a lefatše.

9. Litekanyo tsa Filosofi

Chess e emela khohlano, sebopeho le sephetho. Papali e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e phethela ka sephetho se hlakileng: motlatsi, ho taka, kapa ho itokolla. Papiso ea eona e mabapi le ntoa le lipolelo tse utloahalang.

Ho fapana le hoo, ho bua ka ho leka-lekana, ho ikamahanya le maemo, le botle bo hlahang. Majoe a phela 'me a shoa, libopeho li phefumoloha, li susumetsa liphetoho. Hangata tlhōlo ke e fokolang—taolo, eseng ho hatella.

10. Boemo ba Maikutlo le Kelello

Libapali tsa chess li tobane le litlhoro tsa tsitsipano le likhohlo tsa ho putlama. Phoso e ka fetola papali hang-hang. Ho ba le botsitso ba kelello, ho tsepamisa maikutlo, le ho qoba ho sekama ho bohlokoa.

Lebelo la ho tsamaya le hloka mamello. Hangata liphoso li na le kotlo e fokolang hang-hang, e lumellang ho hlaphoheloa. Mamello le puisano e khutsitseng e fetoha makhabane ho feta ho ba mabifi.

11. Botumo, Platforms & Sechaba

Chess e thabetse ho amoheloa ka bongata ka lebaka la li-platform tsa dijithale. Chess.com ha se sebaka sa ho ithuta feela empa ke sethala sa phatlalatso, sebaka sa tlholisano le setsi sa sechaba.

E-ea, ha e ntse e le niche e eketsehileng, e atleha ka li-server tse kang OGS Online Go Server 'me Fox Go Server. Lisebelisoa tsa AI li na le phihlello e matlafalitsoeng, li lumella batho ba sa rutehang ho ikoetlisa ka tlhahlobo ea boemo bo holimo.

12. Litlhaloso tse fapaneng tsa Taeo

Phetoho lipakeng tsa chess le Go e hlahisa melemo e makatsang. Sebapali sa chess se ka chorisa bohlale ba maqiti; sebapali sa Go se ka tebisa kahlolo e felletseng. Ha li kopantsoe, li khothalletsa monahano o tenyetsehang, ho itlhahloba, le temohisiso ea maano.

13. Lithuto tsa Bohlale le Leano

Chess e ruta tsoelo-pele e utloahalang, causality, le ts'ebetso e nepahetseng. Go ruta maemo, kutlwano, le leano le hlahang. E 'ngoe e "nahana pele," e' ngoe e "ikutloa esale pele."

14. Tsela e Tlang: Evolution & Lipotso Tse sa arajoang

Le kamora puso ea AI, thahasello ea batho lipapaling ka bobeli e ea teba. Nako ea Go's post-AlphaGo e botsa lipotso tse ncha: re haufi hakae le papali e phethahetseng? Na batho ba ka khona ho phela? Matla a fokolang a ho bapala hantle ke afe? "Papali Ha e E-so Fele" e hlahloba moeli ona.

Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, chess e ntse e tsoela pele ho fetoha: litlhahlobo tsa enjine joale li kenyelletsa mehopolo e kang entropy le ho rarahana ha phapano, ho thusa batho ho utloisisa botebo ho feta lipalo feela. "Chess variation entropy le bohlokoa ba enjene ho batho" e hlahloba moeli ona.

15. Thata: Ke Papali Efe E Thata Haholoanyane?

Sena se ipapisitse le pono:

• Computational hardness: Go raragana ka tsela e e feteletseng
• Ho ithuta ka ho hlaka: Chess e fana ka tsoelo-pele e eketsehileng
• Leruo la filosofi: E 'ngoe le e' ngoe e tebile ka lilepe tse fapaneng

E-ea ho phephetsa intuition le ho leka-lekana; chess e phephetsa ho nepahala le ho hlaka.

16. Lithuto Tse Pharalletseng ka Ntle ho Boto

Chess e ruta sebopeho, ho bolela esale pele, le moralo o ntlafalitsoeng. Go ruta ho ikamahanya le maemo, tšusumetso, le ho lemoha mekhoa e hlahang.

Ka kakaretso: Chess e putsa ho tseba; E-ea meputso u bone.

fihlela qeto e

Chess le Go li eme e le litšiea tse peli tsa temoho. E 'ngoe e bohale, e lekane, ebile e matla. E 'ngoe ke ea tlhaho, e phallang, le ea kamano. Ba le hammoho ba rala menahano ea batho—ho tloha ka mabaka a utloahalang ho isa kutloisisong.

Ha u se u hlahlobile marokho lipakeng tsa chess, Go, le lipapali tsa likarete joalo ka Poker vs Chess, o ka bona kamoo leano le hlahang ka tsela e fapaneng ho itšetlehile ka melao le sebopeho. Ntsebise haeba u hloka mofuta ona ka metadata ea SEO, lihokelo tsa anchor, kapa likhokahano tse ling tsa kahare ho Gaming.net.